MBASHE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o15'S;28o54'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Poor catchment management has led to siltation of the estuary)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Dardis & Plumstead (1988)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Plumstead (1984), Plumstead (1990), Plumstead et al. (1989a), Steinke (1972)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Connell et al. (1976b), Connell et al. (1976d), Connell et al. (1978b), Connell et al. (1980a), Connell et al. (1981b), Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b), Marais & Prinsloo (1980)
KU-MPENZU ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o14'S;28o55'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Causeway crosses the upper reaches of the system)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
MBHANYANA (KU-BHULA) ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o14'S;28o56'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: This system falls within the Cwebe Nature Reserve)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
NTLONYANE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o12'S;28o57'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Much of the floodplain and surrounding area used for cattle grazing)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
NKANYA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o11'S;28o58'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: This system is in near pristine condition)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
XORA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o10'S;29o00'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: An exceptionally important system in need of further study)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
BULUNGULA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o08'S;29o01'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
KU-AMANZIMUZAMA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o07'S;29o02'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
MNCWASA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o05'S;29o04'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
MPAKO ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o03'S;29o07'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
NENGA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o59'S;29o09'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Floodplain and estuary impacted by road and other infrastructural developments)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
MAPUZI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o58'S;29o10'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: This system is used by commercial fishermen as a ski boat launch site)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
MTATA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o57'S;29o10'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Water quality and catchment management issues need to be addressed)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Plumstead (1984), Plumstead et al. (1989b), Robertson (1996)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Marais & Prinsloo (1980), Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
MDUMBI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o56'S;29o13'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Portion of the floodplain is used for subsistence agriculture)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Robertson (1996)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
LWANDILANA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o54'S;29o14'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
LWANDILE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o54'S;29o14'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
MTAKATYE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o51'S;29o16'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
HLULEKA (MAJUSINI) ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o50'S;29o18'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
MNENU ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o48'S;29o20'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
MTONGA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o40'S;29o28'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
MPANDE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o45'S;29o21'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Some of the floodplain has been used for subsistence agriculture)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
SINANGWANA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o45'S;29o21'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Some of the floodplain has been used for subsistence agriculture)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
MNGAZANA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o42'S;29o25'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Good
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Diverse flora and fauna contribute to great conservation potential)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Dye (1983a)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Branch & Grindley (1979), Dye (1979), Dye (1983b), Dye (1983c), Emmerson (1990), Emmerson & McGwynne (1992), Wooldridge (1977)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Branch (1976), Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Connell et al. (1978e), Connell et al. (1980a), Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
MNGAZI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o41'S;29o27'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Coastal resort of Umngazi River Bungalows situated at the mouth)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
BULOLO ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o39'S;29o30'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Two traffic causeways traverse the system)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Robertson (1996), Whitfield (1979)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
MTAMBANE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o39'S;29o30'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Camp site and caravan park situated on the estuary floodplain)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Whitfield (1979)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
MZIMVUBU ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o38'S;29o33'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: River mouth INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: System suffers from excessive siltation due to poor catchment management)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Robertson (1996)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Connell et al. (1978d), Connell et al. (1980a), Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
NTLUPENI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o37'S;29o34'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: This estuary is a popular recreational venue for the local community)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
NKODUSWENI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o36'S;29o35'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
MNTAFUFU ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o34'S;29o38'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Wide variety of natural habitats make this a very valuable estuary)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Plumstead (1984), Plumstead et al. (1991)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
MZINTLAVA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o32'S;29o41'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baselines studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
UMZIMPUNZI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o29'S;29o42'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
MBOTYI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o28'S;29o43'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Wooldridge (1974)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
MKOZI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o27'S;29o44'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
MYEKANE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o27'S;29o45'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
LUPATANA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o26'S;29o50'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
MKWENI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o24'S;29o52'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Robertson (1996)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
MSIKABA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o18'S;29o58'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Forms the southern boundary of the Mkambati Nature Reserve)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Blaber et al. (1974), Robertson (1996), Wooldridge (1974), Wooldridge (1976)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
MGWEGWE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o17'S;30o00'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Situated within the Mkambati Nature Reserve)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
MGWETYANA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o16'S;30o02'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Situated within the Mkambati Nature Reserve)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
MTENTU ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o15'S;30o03'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Forms the northern boundary of the Mkambati Nature Reserve)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Connell (1974)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Connell et al. (1980a), Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
SIKOMBE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o11'S;30o04'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
KWANYANA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o11'S;30o06'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
MNYAMENI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o10'S;30o08'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
MPAHLANYANA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o08'S;30o09'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
MPAHLANE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o07'S;30o09'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Baseline studies urgently required)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
MZAMBA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o06'S;30o10'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Water quality issues need to be addressed)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Klinger & Kennedy (1980)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Plumstead (1984), Plumstead et al. (1991), Robertson (1996)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Begg (1986a), Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
MTENTWANA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o05'S;30o10'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Infrastructural developments by Wild Coast Sun Hotel)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Klinger & Kennedy (1980)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
MTAMVUNA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o04'S;30o11'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Northern bank forms part of the Mtamvuna Nature Reserve)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Cooper (1993a), Hemens et al. (1986), National Research Institute for Oceanology (1981a)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a), Robertson (1996)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b), Hemens et al. (1975h)
ZOLWANE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o04'S;30o12'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Private ownership with definite conservation potential)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
SANDLUNDLU ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o02'S;30o13'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Private ownership with dune conservation potential)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
KU-BOBOYI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o02'S;30o14'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Impact of sugar cane cultivation on this estuary needs attention)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
TONGAZI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 31o00'S;30o15'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Estuary surrounded by atypical lagoonal plant community)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
KANDANDHLOVU ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o59'S;30o16'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Siltation from banana plantations requires attention)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MPENJATI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o58'S;30o17'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Has conservation potential)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
UMHLANGANKULU ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o56'S;30o18'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Estuary forms part of the San Lameer holiday resort)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
KABA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o56'S;30o18'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: The system is adversely affected by weir construction and siltation)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MBIZANA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o55'S;30o20'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Siltation of the estuary is a major problem)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MVUTSHINI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o53'S;30o20'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Important recreational area)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
BILANHLOLO ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o53'S;30o21'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Important recreational area)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
UVUZANA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o52'S;30o21'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Siltation of estuary a major problem)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
KONGWENI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o51'S;30o22'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Surrounded by urban area and highly disturbed)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
VUNGU ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o50'S;30o23'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: High aesthetic and recreational value)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MHLANGENI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o49'S;30o23'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Highly disturbed but important recreational value)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
ZOTSHA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o47'S;30o25'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: An important estuarine system on the KwaZulu-Natal south coast)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a), Harrison (1993), Harrison & Cooper (1991), Harrison & Whitfield (1995)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
BOBOYI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o46'S;30o26'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Catchment in poor condition)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MBANGO ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o45'S;30o27'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Catchment in poor condition)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MZIMKULU ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o44'S;30o27'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Water pollution and siltation are major problems)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a), Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Connell et al. (1975b), Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b), National Research Institute for Oceanology (1977)
MTENTWENI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o42'S;30o28'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Degradation linked to sand accumulation and urban encroachment)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MHLANGAMKULU ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o41'S;30o29'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Undisturbed plant communities in upper reaches)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
DAMBA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o40'S;30o30'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Important swamp forest on south bank)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a), Harrison (1993), Harrison & Whitfield (1995)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
KOSHWANA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o39'S;30o31'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Siltation and sewage problems)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
INTSHAMBILI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o38'S;30o32'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Valuable swamp forest community and well conserved catchment)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MZUMBE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o36'S;30o33'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Siltation problems arising from severe erosion in the catchment)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: National Research Institute for Oceanology (1981b)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1981c)
MHLABATSHANE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o35'S;30o34'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Important for recreation)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MHLUNGWA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o33'S;30o35'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Siltation problems)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b), Environmental Advisory Services (1990c)
MFAZAZANA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o31'S;30o36'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Road and rail communications across estuary)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
KWA-MAKOSI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o31'S;30o36'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Road and rail communications across estuary)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MNAMFU ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o30'S;30o37'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Impacts of road and rail construction are apparent)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MTWALUME ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o29'S;30o38'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Heavily silted but rehabilitation of this important system is possible)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MVUZI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o28'S;30o38'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Mouth area has been modified by railway construction)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
FAFA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o27'S;30o39'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Botanical and recreational value)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a), Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Archibald & Warwick (1975a), Archibald & Warwick (1975b), Archibald & Warwick (1975c), Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b), Hemens et al. (1975g)
MDESINGANE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o25'S;30o40'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: A weir construction across the middle of the estuary should be removed)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
SEZELA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o25'S;30o41'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: A marked improvement has occurred following rehabilitation actions)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a), Ramm et al. (1977)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MKUMBANE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o24'S;30o41'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Siltation problems)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MZINTO ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o22'S;30o42'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Has considerable ecological value if human impacts can be reduced)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MZIMAYI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o20'S;30o43'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: This small system has recreational potential)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MPAMBANYONI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o16'S;30o45'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: One of the most degraded estuaries on the KwaZulu-Natal coast)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: National Research Institute for Oceanology (1983a)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MAHLONGWA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o15'S;30o46'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Wetland reclamation associated with sugar cane cultivation a problem)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: National Research Institute for Oceanology (1981b)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MAHLONGWANA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o14'S;30o48'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Sugar cane encroachment on the floodplain)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MKOMAZI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o12'S;30o49'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Siltation and localized industrial pollution need attention)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: National Research Institute for Oceanology (1982a)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a), Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Burton (1960), Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
NGANE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o10'S;30o49'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Faecal contamination and bilharzia infestation require investigation)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
UMGABABA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o09'S;30o50'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Has considerable conservation potential)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Grobbler (1987)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a), Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Connell et al. (1976e), Connell et al. (1978c), Connell et al. (1981c), Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1982b), Grobbler et al. (1988)
MSIMBAZI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o08'S;30o50'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Road and railway developments affect hydrodynamics within the system)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
LOVU ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o07'S;30o51'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Serious siltation and pollution problems need to be solved)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Grobler (1987), National Research Institute for Oceanology (1982b)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
LITTLE MANZIMTOTI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o05'S;30o52'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: An example of how to destroy a natural asset)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b), Environmental Advisory Services (1992b), Ramm et al. (1992)
MANZIMTOTI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o04'S;30o53'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Should be considered for rehabilitation as a recreational asset)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MBOKODWENI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o01'S;30o56'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Degraded due to siltation, pollution and mouth manipulation)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
SIPINGO ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 30o00'S;30o57'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Modified permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Mlazi canal diverts water previously entering the Sipingo estuary)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Naidoo & Raiman (1982)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a), Ward (1971)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b), Kallicharran (1990), Natal Town and Regional Planning Commission (1987)
DURBAN BAY ESTUARINE SYSTEM
LOCALITY: 29o52'S;31o04'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Estuarine bay INFORMATION: Good
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Remaining bayhead mangroves declared a Natural Heritage Site)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Cockcroft & Forbes (1981a)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Beckley et al. (1995), Begg (1984a), Cockcroft & Forbes (1981b), Cyrus & Forbes 1996, Day & Morgans (1956), Guastella (1994), Joubert (1964), Steinke (1975), Weerts et al. (1997)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Anon. (1974b), Connell et al. (1979a), Environmental Advisory Services (1990b), Institute of Natural Resources (1993a), Institute of Natural Resources (1993c)
MGENI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 29o48'S;30o02'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Good
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Catchment dams have transformed this previously permanently open estuary)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Cooper (1987a), Cooper (1988), Cooper (1993a), Cooper & Mason (1985), Cooper & McMillan (1987), Cooper et al. (1990), Mann & Steinke (1989), Mann & Steinke (1992), Mann & Steinke (1993), Naidoo (1980), Naidoo & Raiman (1982), Oliff et al. (1975), Schoonbee (1963), Swart (1987), National Research Institute for Oceanology (1982c)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a), Brown (1971), Harrison (1991), Moll (1972), Phillips et al. (1994), Phillips et al. (1996), Singh & Steinke (1992), Singh et al. (1991), Steinke (1988), Steinke et al. (1983), Steinke et al. (1990), Steinke & Charles (1984), Steinke & Charles (1986a), Steinke & Charles (1986b), Steinke & Rajh (1995), Steinke et al. (1993), Steinke et al. (1995)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper (1986), Cooper & Mason (1986), Cooper & Mason (1987), Cooper et al. (1993), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1984c), Edwards & Moll (1972), Hemens et al. (1975f), National Research Institute for Oceanology (1975a), National Research Institute for Oceanology (1975b)
MHLANGA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 29o42'S;31o06'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Good
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Estuary forms part of a Natal Parks Board nature reserve)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Cooper (1989)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a), Cooper & Harrison (1992), Harrison (1993), Harrison & Whitfield (1995), Whitfield (1980a), Whitfield (1980b), Whitfield (1980c), Whitfield (1982)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a), Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper (1987b), Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b), Environmental Advisory Services (1992a)
MDLOTI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 29o38'S;31o08'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Siltation, pollution and sugar cane encroachment are problems)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Grobbler (1987), National Research Institute for Oceanology (1982d)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a), Blaber et al. (1984)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1985c)
TONGATI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 29o33'S;31o11'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Degraded due to pollution and siltation but suitable for rehabilitation)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: National Research Institute for Oceanology (1982e)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a), Blaber et al. (1984)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MHLALI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 29o27'S;31o16'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Problems include siltation and sugar cane encroachment)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: National Research Institute for Oceanology (1983b), Schmidt (1985)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
SETENI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 29o25'S;31o18'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: The only apparent problem is siltation)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
MVOTI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 29o24'S;31o21'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: River mouth INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Supports a wide variety of birdlife despite severe organic pollution)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: National Research Institute for Oceanology (1983c), Cooper (1993b), Cooper (1994a)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
MDLOTANE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 29o21'S;31o22'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: A good example of a well preserved system on the KwaZulu-Natal north coast)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b), Environmental Advisory Services (1991a)
NONOTI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 29o17'S;31o25'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Encouraging signs of recovery from a severely polluted condition)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
ZINKWASI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 29o16'S;31o27'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Organic pollution gives rise to periods of anoxia in the water column)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: National Research Institute for Oceanology (1981d)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1984a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b)
TUGELA (THUKELA) ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 29o13'S;30o30'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: River mouth INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Excessive siltation and organic pollution are major problems)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Cooper et al. (1994a), Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cooper et al. (1993a), Cooper et al. (1993b), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1983b)
MATIGULU/NYONI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 29o04'S;31o38'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Siltation from the catchment is of concern)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Hemens et al. (1975e)
SIYAYA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 28o58'S;31o45'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Restoration of this estuary and its catchment is far advanced)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Schleyer & Roberts (1987)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Begg (1980b), Begg (1981b)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Schleyer (1986a), Connell et al. (1980b)
MLALAZI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 28o57'S;31o48'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: An important conservation and recreational area)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Hill (1966), Weerts et al. (1997)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Hemens et al. (1975d), Ward (1960)
MHLATHUZE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 28o49'S;32o05'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Estuarine bay INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Excessive siltation has led to loss of certain estuarine habitats)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Grindley & Wooldridge (1974), Millard & Harrison (1954), Steinke & Ward (1988), van der Elst (1977)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Day (1981h), Leverton (1975)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Connell et al. (1975a), Connell et al. (1976c), Hemens et al. (1975b), Hemens et al. (1975c), Institute of Natural Resources (1993e), McClurg et al. (1982), Venter (1972)
RICHARDS BAY ESTUARINE SYSTEM
LOCALITY: 28o49'S;32o05'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Estuarine bay INFORMATION: Good
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Expansion of the harbour berths will lead to further loss of habitat)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: van Tonder et al. (1986)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Cyrus & Forbes 1996, Demetriades (1990), Grindley & Wooldridge (1974), Harris & Cyrus (1997), Millard & Harrison (1954), Steinke & Ward (1988), McClurg (1979), Weerts et al. (1997)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Anon. (1972a), Anon. (1974c), Anon. (1978), Connell et al. (1976g), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1972), Environmental Advisory Services (1993), Hemens et al. (1975b), Hemens et al. (1975c), Institute of Natural Resources (1993b), Institute of Natural Resources (1993d), Institute of Natural Resources (1993e), McClurg et al. (1982)
NHLABANE ESTUARINE SYSTEM
LOCALITY: 28o40'S;32o16'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Estuarine lake system INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Restoration of the system possible by removal of the RBM barrage)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Chater & van der Elst (1995), Cyrus & Wepener (1997)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Environmental Advisory Services (1990a), Walmsley Environmental Consultants (1993)
MFOLOZI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 28o24'S;32o25'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: River mouth INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Swamp destruction and siltation have been major problems)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Lindsay et al. (1996a), Lindsay et al. (1996b), van Heerden (1993), Wright (1995)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
ST LUCIA ESTUARINE SYSTEM
LOCALITY: 28o18'S;32o26'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Estuarine lake system INFORMATION: Excellent
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: The most important estuarine system in KwaZulu-Natal due to its size)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Anderson (1990), Anon. (1965), Anon. (1970a), Anon. (1975), Badenhorst (1988b), Brown (1969), Cyrus & Blaber (1988), Cyrus & Blaber (1992), Fielding et al. (1991), Hobday (1965), Hobday (1975), Hutchison & Midgley (1978), Hutchison & Pitman (1977), James & Horne (1969), Kokot (1959), McGill (1980), McGill (1982), Pitman (1980), Sauermann (1966), Sauermann (1967), van Heerden (1993), van Heerden & Swart (1986), Wright (1990), Wright (1993), Wright (1995), Wright & Mason (1990), Wright & Mason (1993), Wright et al. (1990)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Anon. (1970b), Anon. (1979), Anon. (1981), Benfield et al. (1990), Berruti (1980a), Berruti (1980b), Berruti (1983), Beven (1944a), Beven (1944b), Bickerton (1989), Blaber (1976), Blaber (1979), Blaber (1981a), Blaber et al. (1983), Blaber & Raynor (1979), Blaber & Whitfield (1976), Boltt (1975), Chiazzari (1952), Cholnoky (1968), Chubb (1943), Connell (1996), Cyrus (1984), Cyrus (1988a), Cyrus (1991a), Cyrus (1991b), Cyrus & Blaber (1987b), Cyrus & McLean (1994), Cyrus & McLean (1996), Day et al. (1954), Demetriades (1990), Feely (1962), Fielding et al. (1990), Forbes (1982), Forbes (1989), Forbes & Benfield (1986a), Forbes & Benfield (1986b), Forbes & Cyrus (1991), Forbes & Cyrus (1992), Forbes & Hay (1988), Forrest (1969a), Garland (1944), Grindley & Heydorn (1970), Harris & Cyrus (1994), Harris & Cyrus (1995), Harris & Cyrus (1996), Hay (1985), Hill (1979b), Johnson (1977), Joubert (1967), Joubert & Davies (1966), Kennedy (1983), Mann (1993a), Mann (1993b), Mann (1995), Martin et al. (1992), Millard & Broekhuysen (1970), Moll (1970), Olivier & van Niekerk (1995), Owen (1992), Owen & Forbes (1997), Pooley (1973), Pooley (1982), Porter & Forrest (1974), Skelton et al. (1989), Steinke & Naidoo (1990), Steinke & Ward (1987), Steinke & Ward (1988), Steinke & Ward (1989), Taylor (1980a), Taylor (1980b), Taylor (1981), Tooth (1946), van der Elst (1972), Whitfield (1977a), Whitfield (1978b), Whitfield (1988c), Whitfield & Blaber (1978a), Whitfield & Blaber (1978b), Whitfield & Blaber (1978c), Whitfield & Blaber (1978d), Whitfield & Blaber (1978e), Whitfield & Blaber (1979a), Whitfield & Blaber (1979b), Whitfield & Blaber (1979c), Whitfield & Blaber (1980), Whitfield & Cyrus (1978), Whitfield & Heeg (1977)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Anon. (1970c), Anon. (1973), Begg (1978), Bond (1973), Cooper (1970), Crass (1970), Crass (1978), Cyrus (1989), Day (1981h), Draper (1965), Forbes et al. (1987), Forbes & Cyrus (1993), Forrest (1969b), Harty (1952), Kokot (1952), Mann (1996), Orme (1975a), Owen & Forbes (1997), Robertson (1971), Robertson (1977), Starfield et al. (1989), Taljaard & Slinger (1997), Taylor (1982), Taylor (1987), Taylor (1991), Taylor (1993), Taylor et al. (1987), Tinley (1971), van der Merwe (1967), Vincent (1980), Whitfield (1977c), Whitfield (1980d), Whitfield (1999)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Anon. (1951), Anon. (1960), Anon. (1962), Anon. (1969), Anon. (1970d), Anon. (1972b), Berruti (1982), Cameron-Dow (1974), Connell et al. (1979b), Cowan (1995), CSIR Environmental Services (1993a), CSIR Environmental Services (1993b), CSIR Environmental Services (1993c), Davies (1964), Department of Water Affairs (1978), Department of Water Affairs (1984), Department of Water Affairs (1985), Dinkele (1977), Dutton (1964), Hutchison (1977), Jacobi (1971), Joubert (1953), Kriel (1966), Pooley & Forrest (1972), Lindley & Scott (1987), Mann-Lang (1997), Taylor (1983), Loudon (1984), Natal Parks Board (1976a), Natal Parks Board (1976b), Robson (1949), Teal (1962), van Bonde (1940), van der Elst (1978b), van Zyl (1973), Vogel & van Urk (1975), Wager (1960), Wallace (1969), Whitfield (1977b)
MGOBEZELENI ESTUARINE SYSTEM
LOCALITY: 27o32'S;32o40'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Estuarine lake system INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Estuary mouth area highly disturbed by human activities)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Bruton (1980), Bruton & Appleton (1975)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Bruton (1975), Bruton (1976)
KOSI ESTUARINE SYSTEM
LOCALITY: 26o54'S;32o48'E REGION: Subtropical
CLASSIFICATION: Estuarine lake system INFORMATION: Excellent
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Maintains a diverse flora and fauna)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Ramm (1992), Butler et al. (1983)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Blaber (1978), Blaber (1982a), Blaber & Cyrus (1981), Boltt & Allanson (1975), Breen & Hill (1969), Broekhuysen & Taylor (1959), Cyrus (1980), Cyrus & Blaber (1983a), Cyrus & Blaber (1984b), Cyrus & Blaber (1984c), Forbes (1979), Forbes & Cyrus (1991), Garratt (1993), Harman et al. (1982), Harris et al. (1995), Jackson (1984), Kyle (1980), Kyle (1989a), Kyle (1989b), Kyle (1996), Kyle & Robertson (1997), Steinke & Ward (1973), Ward et al. (1986), Whitfield (1978c), Wallace et al. (1971)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Begg (1978), Begg (1980a), Day (1981h), Kyle (1993a), Kyle (1995), Moll (1978)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Anon. (1971a), Anon. (1971b), Begg (1982), Campbell & Allanson (1952), Connell et al. (1976f), Cowan (1995), Hemens et al. (1975a), Kyle (1993b), Mann-Lang (1997), Munnik (1993), Tinley (1976), Wager (1972)