SILWERMYN ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o07'S;18o27'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Could be considered for rehabilitation)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Harrison (1998)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Coetzee et al. (1996), Heinecken (1982b)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1994a), Harrison et al. (1994b)
SAND ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o06'S;18o29'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Good
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: High intensity residential development and industrial activity in catchment)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Harding (1993), Harding (1994)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Begg (1976), Byren & Davies (1986), Clark et al. (1994), Davies & Stewart (1984), Davies et al. (1989), Gaigher & Thorne (1979), Harrison (1998), Stewart & Davies (1986)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Day (1981h), Morant & Grindley (1982), Quick & Harding (1994)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Begg (1981a), Benkenstein (1981), Benkenstein (1982), Davies (1982a), Harrison et al. (1994a), Harrison et al. (1994b)
EERSTE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o05'S;18o46'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Pollution control by sewage works needs to be improved)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Clark et al. (1994), Harrison (1998)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Grindley (1982), Wiseman & Sowman (1992)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Bartlett & Henning (1982), Harrison et al. (1994a), Harrison et al. (1994b)
LOURENS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o06'S;18o49'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: System could be considered for rehabilitation)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Harrison (1998)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Cliff & Grindley (1982), Coetzee et al. (1996)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1994a), Harrison et al. (1994b)
SIR LOWRY'S PASS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o05'S;18o49'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Water quality needs to be improved to facilitate recreational use)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Harrison (1998)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Coetzee et al. (1996), Heinecken et al. (1982)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1994a), Harrison et al. (1994b)
STEENBRAS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o12'S;18o49'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Has the characteristics of a small fjord rather than a typical estuary)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Harrison (1998)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Heinecken et al. (1982)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1994a), Harrison et al. (1994b)
ROOIELS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o18'S;18o49'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Within the proposed Rooiels/Betty's Bay nature area)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Harrison (1998)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Coetzee et al. (1996), Heinecken (1982a)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1994a), Harrison et al. (1994b)
BUFFELS (OOS) ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o20'S;18o50'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Within the proposed Rooiels/Betty's Bay nature area)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Harrison (1998)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Coetzee et al. (1996), Heinecken et al. (1982)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1994a), Harrison et al. (1994b)
PALMIET ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o21'S;19o00'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Good
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Estuary mouth closure more likely due to increase in catchment dams)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Largier (1986), Largier & Taljaard (1991), Largier et al. (1991), Slinger & Largier (1990), Taljaard (1987), Taljaard et al. (1986), Taljaard & Largier (1989)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Bennett (1989a), Bennett (1989b), Branch & Day (1984), Coetzee (1991)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Clarke (1989)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Barwell (1988a), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1980), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b), Nel (1980), Rothmann (1992), Taljaard (1987), van der Merwe (1988b)
BOT/KLEINMOND ESTUARINE SYSTEM
LOCALITY: 34o21'S;19o04'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Estuarine lake system INFORMATION: Excellent
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Mouth manipulation a major issue in the management of this system)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Bally & McQuaid (1985), Fromme (1985c), Rogers (1985), van Foreest (1985), van Heerden (1985), Willis (1985)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Bally et al. (1985), Bennett (1985), Bennett (1989a), Bennett (1989b), Bennett & Branch (1990), Bennett et al. (1985), De Decker (1987), De Decker & Bally (1985), De Decker & Bennett (1985), Heÿl & Currie (1985), O’Callaghan (1994b), Roberts (1985), Roberts et al. (1985a), Roberts et al. (1985b), Stewart & Bally (1985)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Bally (1985), Bally (1987), Branch et al. (1985), Claassen (1985), Coetzee (1985), Koop (1982), Koop et al. (1983)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Bally & Branch (1986), Barwell (1988b), De Decker (1986), Fromme (1986c), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)
ONRUS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o25'S;19o11'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Siltation and reed encroachment but suitable for rehabilitation)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Coetzee et al. (1996), Heinecken & Damstra (1983)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Damstra (1980), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)
KLEIN ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o25'S;19o18'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Estuarine lake system INFORMATION: Good
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Farming in catchment and on the floodplain)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Barwell (1987), Coetzee & Pool (1986), Waldron (1986)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Scott et al. (1952), Talbot (1955)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: De Decker (1989), Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1988), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b), King et al. (1989), van der Merwe (1988b)
UILKRAALS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o36'S;19o25'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Bridge and embankment constrict river and tidal flow)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Gaigher (1984), Morant (1987)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Coetzee et al. (1996), Heydorn & Bickerton (1982)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Crowther (1988a), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)
RATEL ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o46'S;19o45'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Within a private coastal nature reserve but mouth has been diverted)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)
HEUNINGNES ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o43'S;20o07'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Under natural conditions the mouth of this estuary used to close)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Barham (1979)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Bickerton (1984), Coetzee et al. (1996), Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Cowan (1995), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)
KLIPDRIFSFONTEIN
LOCALITY: 34o27'S;20o44'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: State owned property)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)
BREË ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o24'S;20o51'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Riverine input declining due to irrigation demands in the catchment)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Coetzee & Pool (1991), Ratte (1982)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Carter (1983), Coetzee et al. (1997), Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: de Villiers (1988), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)
DUIWENHOKS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o22'S;20o00'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Freshwater supply to the estuary is being progressively curtailed)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE:
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Carter & Brownlie (1990), Coetzee et al. (1997)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Fromme (1989), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)
KAFFERKUILS (GOUKOU) ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o23'S;21o25'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Freshwater supply to the estuary is being progressively curtailed)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Carter & Brownlie (1990), Coetzee et al. (1997)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Fromme (1989), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b), Sowman (1988)
GOURITS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o21'S;22o33'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Freshwater supply to the estuary is being progressively curtailed)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Coetzee et al. (1997), Day (1981h), Heydorn (1989)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)
BLINDE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o13'S;22o01'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)
HARTENBOS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o07'S;22o08'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Water quality important for recreation)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Watling & Watling (1982c)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Bickerton (1982), Coetzee et al. (1997), Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Bruwer (1989), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)
KLEIN BRAK ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o06'S;22o09'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Water quality important for recreation)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Watling & Watling (1982c)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)
GROOT BRAK ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o03'S;22o14'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Good
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Management of the mouth necessary following major dam construction)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Slinger et al. (1994), Watling & Watling (1982c)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Coetzee et al. (1997), Day (1981h), Morant (1983a), Slinger & Breen (1995)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: EMATEK (1990), EMATEK (1992), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)
MAALGATE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o03'S;22o20'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)
LOCALITY: 34o03'S;22o25'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)
KAAIMANS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o00'S;22o34'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Estuary has been subjected to narrowing through road construction)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1984a), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)
WILDERNESS ESTUARINE SYSTEM
LOCALITY: 34o00'S;22o35'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Estuarine lake system INFORMATION: Excellent
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Under the jurisdiction of the National Parks Board)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Birch et al. (1978), Coetzee & Palmer (1982), Görgens & Hughes (1982), Hughes (1982a), Martin (1962)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Boshoff & Palmer (1983), Boshoff & Palmer (1988), Boshoff & Palmer (1991), Boshoff et al. (1991a), Boshoff et al. (1991b), Boshoff et al. (1991c), Boshoff & Piper (1992), Boshoff & Piper (1993), Coetzee (1981a), Coetzee (1983), Davies (1984), Hall et al. (1987), Howard-Williams (1980), Jacot Guillarmod (1982), Russell (1994), Russell (1996a), Weisser & Howard-Williams (1982), Weisser et al. (1992)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Allanson & Whitfield (1983)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Chunnet (1972), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1981a), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1982a), Cowan (1995), Department of Planning (1970), Fijen (1995a), Fijen (1995b), Fijn & Kapp (1995a), Fijn & Kapp (1995b), Fijn & Kapp (1995d), Fijn & van Zyl (1995a), Hall (1985), Hughes (1982b), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b), Hughes (1983a), Hughes (1983b), Hughes (1983c), Hughes & Görgens (1983), Jacot Guillarmod & Allanson (1981a), Jacot Guillarmod & Allanson (1981b), Jacot Guillarmod & Allanson (1981c), Manley (1976)
SWARTVLEI ESTUARINE SYSTEM
LOCALITY: 34o00'S;22o48'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Estuarine lake system INFORMATION: Excellent
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Under the jurisdiction of the National Parks Board)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Allanson & Howard-Williams (1984), Howard-Williams (1977), Huizinga (1987), Robarts & Allanson (1977), Silberbauer (1981), Silberbauer (1982)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Boshoff & Palmer (1988), Boshoff & Palmer (1991), Boshoff et al. (1991a), Boshoff et al. (1991b), Boshoff et al. (1991c), Boshoff & Piper (1992), Boshoff & Piper (1993), Coetzee (1981b), Coetzee (1982a), Coetzee (1982b), Coetzee & Pool (1985), Davies (1982b), Fairall (1981), Forbes (1978), Howard-Williams (1978), Howard-Williams (1981), Howard-Williams & Allanson (1981a), Howard-Williams & Allanson (1981b), Howard-Williams & Davies (1979), Howard-Williams & Liptrot (1980), Kok & Whitfield (1986), Ratte (1989), Robarts (1976a), Robarts (1976b), Robarts (1979), Robb et al. (1979), Russell (1994), Russell (1996a), Smale & Kok (1983), Taylor (1983), Whitfield (1984), Whitfield (1986a), Whitfield (1986b), Whitfield (1988a), Whitfield (1988b), Whitfield (1989a), Whitfield (1989b), Whitfield (1989d), Whitfield (1993a), Whitfield & Kok (1992), Wooldridge (1991)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Howard-Williams & Allanson (1979), Whitfield et al. (1983)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Allanson & Whitfield (1982), Barker (1985), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1975), Fijen (1995c), Fijen (1995d), Fijn & Kapp (1995c), Fijn & Kapp (1995d), Fijn & van Zyl (1995d), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b), Liptrot (1978), Liptrot & Allanson (1978), Taylor (1981), Whitfield (1982)
GOUKAMMA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o05'S;22o57'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Within the Goukamma Provincial Nature Reserve)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)
KNYSNA ESTUARINE SYSTEM
LOCALITY: 34o03'S;23o04'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Estuarine bay INFORMATION: Excellent
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: The only estuarine bay in the warm temperate region)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Huizinga (1985b), Huizinga & Haw (1986), Marker & Miller (1993), Reddering & Esterhuysen (1984c), Reddering & Esterhuysen (1987a), Russell (1996b), Watling & Watling (1975), Watling & Watling (1976), Watling & Watling (1977), Watling & Watling (1982b), Watling et al. (1980)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Angelino & della Croce (1975), Cretchley (1996), Davies (1987), Day (1967), Day et al. (1952), Genade & Hirst (1986), Hill (1977), Millard (1950), Smale & Kok (1983), Smith (1981)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Day (1981h), Grindley (1985), Yssel (1986)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Allanson (1991), Allanson & Grange (1996), Benson & Maddocks (1961), Burns & Heydorn (1988), Chunnet (1965), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1974), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1976), Crowther & Grange (1994), CSIR Environmental Services (1994), Department of Planning (1970), Geldenhuys (1979), Grange & Allanson (1994), Grindley (1976), Grindley (1986), Grindley & Eagle (1978), Grindley & Snow (1983), Hanekom & Russell (1991), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b), Haw (1984), Huizinga & Barwell (1989), Koringa (1956), Manley (1976), National Research Institute for Oceanology & VISKOR (1980), Reddering (1993), Reddering (1994), Watling & Watling (1980)
NOETSIE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o05'S;23o08'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Situated within a State forestry area)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)
PIESANG ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o03'S;23o23'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Estuary important from an aesthetics and recreational viewpoint)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE:
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Coetzee et al. (1997), Duvenhage & Morant (1984)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Davies (1987), Department of Water Affairs & Forestry (1994a), Fromme (1985d), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)
KEURBOOMS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o02'S;23o23'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Good
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Threat of a major dam on the Keurbooms River)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Reddering (1981), Reddering (1983), Reddering (1988c), Reddering & Esterhuysen (1983a), Rust & Reddering (1983), Watling & Watling (1982d)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Coetzee et al. (1997), Day (1981h), Duvenhage & Morant (1984)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Department of Water Affairs & Forestry (1994a), Fromme (1985e), Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b), Huizinga & Gaillard (1987)
MATJIES ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o00'S;23o28'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Small system which supplies freshwater to Keurboomstrand development)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)
SOUT (OOS) ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o59'S;23o32'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Within the De Vasselot State Forestry Reserve)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Coetzee et al. (1997), Morant & Bickerton (1983)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1995a), Harrison et al. (1995b)
GROOT (WES) ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o59'S;23o34'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Forms western boundary of the Tsitsikamma National Park)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Coetzee et al. (1997), Morant & Bickerton (1983)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)
BLOUKRANS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o59'S;23o39'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: River mouth INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Located within the Tsitsikamma National Park area)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)
LOTTERING ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o59'S;23o44'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: River mouth INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Located within the Tsitsikamma National Park area)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)
ELANDSBOS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o00'S;23o46'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: River mouth INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Located within the Tsitsikamma National Park area)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)
STORMS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o01'S;23o54'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: River mouth INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Located within the Tsitsikamma National Park area)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)
ELANDS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o03'S;24o05'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: River mouth INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Located within the Tsitsikamma National Park area)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Department of Water Affairs & Forestry (1994b), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)
GROOT (OOS) ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o04'S;24o12'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: River mouth INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Eastern boundary of the Tsitsikamma National Park)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Department of Water Affairs & Forestry (1994b), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)
TSITSIKAMMA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o08'S;24o26'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: A major impoundment may be built on the Tsitsikamma River)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Bate et al. (1994), Department of Water Affairs & Forestry (1994b), Lee (1993), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)
KLIPDRIF ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o10'S;24o38'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)
SLANG ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o10'S;24o39'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)
KROMME ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o09'S;24o51'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Excellent
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: This system has a catchment which is severely impounded)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Crosby (1993), Emmerson & Erasmus (1987), Schumann & de Meillon (1993), Watling & Watling (1982e)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Adams (1991), Adams et al. (1992), Adams & Talbot (1992), Baird et al. (1981), Cloete (1993), Cloete (1994), Hanekom & Baird (1984), Hanekom (1982), Hanekom & Baird (1988), Hecht (1973), Heymans & Baird (1995), Jerling & Wooldridge (1994a), Marais (1983a), Melville-Smith (1981), Newman (1993), Seagrief (1976)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Baird & Heymans (1996), Bickerton & Pierce (1988), Coetzee et al. (1997), Day (1981h), Scharler et al. (1997)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Baird et al. (1992), Bickerton (1986), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1984b), Emmerson et al. (1982), Fromme & Badenhorst (1987), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Heymans (1992), Huizinga (1991), Lee (1993), Reddering & Esterhuysen (1983b), Sowman (1990a), Sowman & Fuggle (1985), Sowman & Fuggle (1989)
SEEKOEI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o05'S;24o55'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Good
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: A poorly designed causeway has been built across the lower reaches)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Esterhuysen (1983)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Adams (1991), Adams et al. (1992), Dundas (1993), Whitfield (1989e)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Bickerton & Pierce (1988), Coetzee et al. (1997), Whitfield (1989f)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Bickerton & Badenhorst (1987), Bickerton & Zoutendyk (1990), Esterhuysen (1982), Fromme & Badenhorst (1987), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Wooldridge & Wallace (1977)
KABELJOUS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 34o00'S;24o56'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Threatened with increased freshwater demand for catchment irrigation)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Adams (1991), Adams et al. (1992), Dundas (1993)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Bickerton & Pierce (1988), Coetzee et al. (1997)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Fromme & Badenhorst (1987), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Reddering & Esterhuysen (1984b)
GAMTOOS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o58'S;25o04'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Good
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Quantity and quality of river water declining)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Pearce & Schumann (1997), Schumann & Pearce (1997), Watling & Watling (1982e), Zhang et al. (1995)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Adams (1991), Adams et al. (1992), Skelton (1993), Loubser (1992), Marais (1983b), Newman (1993), Schlacher & Wooldridge (1994), Schlacher & Wooldridge (1995), Schlacher & Wooldridge (1996a), Schlacher & Wooldridge (1996b), Shewell (1950), Strydom (1998)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Coetzee et al. (1997), Day (1981h), Heinecken (1981)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Lee (1993), Reddering & Esterhuysen (1984a), Reddering & Scarr (1990a),
VAN STADENS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o58'S;25o13'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Water quality important for recreational purposes)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Dundas (1993)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)
MAITLAND ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o59'S;25o18'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Important recreational area on the outskirts of Port Elizabeth)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)
BAAKENS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o58'S;25o37'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Canalized estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Completely transformed due to harbour and urban developments)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Hops (1990)
PAPKUILS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o55'S;25o37'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Canalized estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Functions as an industrial canal)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)
SWARTKOPS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o57'S;25o38'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Excellent
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Ecologically viable despite intensive recreational usage)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Baird & Winter (1990a), Baird & Winter (1990b), Baird & Winter (1992), Baird et al. (1987), Branch (1986), Dye (1978a), Emmerson (1985a), Esterhuysen & Rust (1987), Hilmer & Bate (1987), Huizinga (1984), MacKay (1994), Talbot (1982a), Watling & Watling (1982a), Winter (1990), Winter & Baird (1991), Winter et al. (1996)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Baird (1978), Beckley (1983), Beckley (1984a), Beckley (1985a), Bok (1979), Bok (1983), Daniel (1992), Daniel (1994a), Daniel (1994b), de Keyser (1987), de Wet (1988), de Wet & Marais (1990), Dye (1977), Dye (1978b), Dye (1978c), Dye et al. (1978), Dye & Furstenberg (1981), Els (1982), Emmerson (1983), Emmerson (1986), Emmerson (1987), Every (1973), Forbes (1977), Gilchrist (1918), Hanekom (1980), Hanekom (1986), Hanekom (1989), Hanekom & Baird (1992), Hanekom et al. (1988), Hanekom & Erasmus (1988), Hanekom & Erasmus (1989), Hilmer (1984), Macnae (1957a), Macnae (1957b), Malan (1982), Marais (1976), Marais (1977-79), Marais & Baird (1980a), Marais & Baird (1980b), Marais & Erasmus (1977a), Marais & Erasmus (1977b), Martin (1984), Martin (1991a), Martin (1991b), Martin & Baird (1987), Masson & Marais (1975), McLachlan (1972), McLachlan & Grindley (1974), Melville-Smith (1978), Melville-Smith & Baird (1980), Nixon (1975), Painter (1966), Perissinotto & Wooldridge (1989), Pereyra Lago (1986), Pereyra Lago (1993a), Pierce (1979), Pierce (1983), Pocock (1955), Talbot & Bate (1987), Talbot (1982b), Talbot et al. (1988), van der Horst & Erasmus (1978), van der Westhuizen & Marais (1977), Whitfield (1978a), Winter (1979), Wooldridge (1979), Wooldridge & Melville-Smith (1979)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Baird (1992), Baird et al. (1986), Baird et al. (1988), Baird et al. (1991), Baird et al. (1996), Coetzee et al. (1997), Day (1981h), Edwards (1969), McLachlan (1975), Tyson (1988), van der Merwe (1975), Scharler et al. (1997)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Anon (1974a), Badenhorst (1985), Connell et al. (1976a), Connell et al. (1976d), Emmerson et al. (1982), Fromme (1988), Glen (1980), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Hill et al. (1984), Lee (1993), MacKay (1993), Martin & Baird (1988), Reddering & Esterhuysen (1981a), Slinger et al. (1998), van der Merwe (1974), Wooldridge (1992)
COEGA (NGCURA) ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o48'S;25o42'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Estuary has been converted into a salt works)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Every (1970)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)
SUNDAYS ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o43'S;25o51'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Excellent
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Important recreational area, especially for anglers)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Emmerson (1989), Forbes & Allanson (1970), Illenberger (1988), Illenberger (1991), MacKay & Schumann (1990), MacKay (1988), MacKay & Schumann (1991), Watling & Watling (1982f)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Beckley (1984b), Harrison & Whitfield (1990), Hilmer (1990), Hilmer & Bate (1990), Daniel (1994b), Hilmer & Bate (1991), Illenberger (1992), Jerling (1988), Jerling (1994), Jerling & Wooldridge (1991), Jerling & Wooldridge (1992), Jerling & Wooldridge (1994b), Jerling & Wooldridge (1995a), Jerling & Wooldridge (1995b), Jerling & Wooldridge (1995c), MacKay (1989), Marais (1981), Whitfield (1994a), Whitfield & Harrison (1996), Whitfield & Paterson (1995), Wooldridge (1979), Wooldridge (1986a), Wooldridge & Bailey (1982), Wooldridge & Erasmus (1980), Wooldridge & Melville-Smith (1979), Wooldridge & Webb (1988)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Baird et al. (1996), Beckley & Wooldridge (1988), Day (1981h), Scharler et al. (1997)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1983a), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Reddering & Esterhuysen (1981c), Swart (1986)
BOKNES ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o44'S;26o35'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Extensive aquatic plant beds a feature of this system)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Fromme (1986b), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)
BUSHMAN’S ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o42'S;26o40'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Reduced riverine input due to high agricultural demands)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Baird et al. (1983), Watling & Watling (1983), Uncles et al. (1990)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Jubb (1972), Palmer (1980a), Robertson (1984), Robertson (1996)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Baird et al. (1981), Fromme (1986b), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Reddering & Esterhuysen (1981b), Whitfield & Ter Morshuizen (1992)
KARIEGA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o41'S;26o44'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Good
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Reduced freshwater input due to urban and agricultural demands)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Allanson & Read (1987), Taylor (1992), Ter Morshuizen (1995), Watling & Watling (1983)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: de Villiers (1990), Froneman & McQuaid (1997), Grange (1992), Grange & Allanson (1995), Hodgson (1987), Neethling & Jubb (1973), Paterson (1995a), Paterson (1998), Paterson & Whitfield (1996), Paterson & Whitfield (1997), Robertson (1996), Taylor & Allanson (1993), Taylor & Allanson (1995), Ter Morshuizen & Whitfield (1994), Whitfield (1994a), Whitfield (1994b)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Allanson & Read (1995)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Fromme (1986b), Gaillard & Huizinga (1988), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Taylor (1987), Whitfield & Ter Morshuizen (1992)
KASUKA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o39'S;26o44'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: A well conserved, recreationally important Eastern Cape estuary)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Jubb (1979)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Fromme (1986b), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Whitfield & Ter Morshuizen (1992)
KOWIE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o36'S;26o54'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Good
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Lower reaches highly impacted by human activities)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Crosby (1993), Kokkinn & Allanson (1985), Watling & Watling (1983)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Bok (1979), Bok (1983), Davies (1980), Hill (1975b), Hill (1978), Robertson (1996), Whitfield et al. (1994)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Coetzee et al. (1997), Day (1981h), Heinecken & Grindley (1982)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Grange et al. (1992), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), PLAN Associates (1986)
RUFANE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o35'S;26o57'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Water quality important for recreation)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)
RIET ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o34'S;27o01'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Important from an aesthetic and recreational viewpoint)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)
KLEINEMONDE (WES) ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o33'S;27o02'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Holiday resort development in mouth region)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Brown (1953), Blaber (1973a), Blaber (1973c), Blaber (1974a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Badenhorst (1988a), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)
KLEINEMONDE (OOS) ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o32'S;27o03'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Holiday resort development in mouth region)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Cowley (1998)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Badenhorst (1988a), Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b)
KLEIN PALMIET ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o31'S;27o08'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Beach access road encroaches onto estuary margins)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
GREAT FISH ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o30'S;27o08'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Good
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: A very important recreational area, especially for anglers)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Allanson & Read (1987), Hiller & Stavrakis (1982), Watling & Watling (1983)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Bok (1979), Bok (1983), Grange (1992), Grange & Allanson (1995), Ter Morshuizen et al. (1996), Ter Morshuizen et al. (1997), Whitfield (1994a), Whitfield et al. (1994)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Day (1981h), Allanson & Read (1995)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1996a), Harrison et al. (1996b), Lucas (1986), Reddering & Esterhuysen (1982)
OLD WOMAN’S ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o30'S;27o09'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Estuary surrounded by the Fish River Sun golf course)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
MPEKWENI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o26'S;27o14'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Estuary mouth is artificially manipulated by the Mpekweni Sun Hotel)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
MTATI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o25'S;27o16'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: New resort development near mouth)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Grobbler et al. (1987), Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
MGWALANA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o25'S;27o17'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Small holiday resort at the mouth)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
BIRA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o23'S;27o20'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Northern bank artificially stabilized near the mouth)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
GQUTYWA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o22'S;27o22'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: This estuary falls within a declared conservation area)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
NGCULURA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o22'S;27o22'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Catchment degradation has occurred)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
MTANA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o19'S;27o26'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Vehicle access route to the beach encroaches onto the estuary bank)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
KEISKAMMA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o17'S;27o29'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Increasing freshwater abstraction and human impacts in the catchment)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Read (1983a)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Read (1982), Read (1985a), Read (1985b), Robertson (1996)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Allanson & Read (1995), Cowling & McKenzie (1979), Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
NGQINISA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o15'S;27o32'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
KIWANE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o15'S;27o33'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
TYOLOMNQA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o14'S;27o35'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: State forestry reserve on the western side)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Robertson (1996)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
SHELBERTSSTROOM ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o13'S;27o37'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Estuary floodplain disturbed with construction of car park and ablution facility)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
LILYVALE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o12'S;27o38'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Resort development of Christmas Rock situated to the east of the estuary)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
ROSS’ CREEK ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o11'S;27o39'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Farmlands in the catchment and resort development to the east)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
NCERA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o10'S;27o40'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Causeway/weir at head of estuary)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
MLELE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o10'S;27o41'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Weir at head of estuary and part of shoreline has been stabilized)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
MCANTSI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o09'S;27o42'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Kidd’s Beach holiday resort on southern bank of estuary)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
GXULU ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o07'S;27o44'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Fair proportion of estuarine floodplain comprises holiday resort)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
GODA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o06'S;27o47'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Small holiday resort on northern bank of estuary)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
HLOZI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o05'S;27o49'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Farmlands in catchment may impact on estuary)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
HICKMAN’S ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o04'S;27o50'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Holiday resort development on the floodplain and causeway upstream of estuary)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
BUFFALO ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o02'S;27o55'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: Urban and rural pollution of freshwater supply to estuary)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Watling et al. (1985)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Connell et al. (1978a), Connell et al. (1981a), Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
BLIND ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 33o00'S;27o56'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: There is an urgent need to improve estuarine water quality)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Talbot et al. (1985)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
HLAZE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o59'S;27o57'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Poor (Remarks: There is an urgent need to improve estuarine water quality)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Talbot et al. (1985)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
NAHOON ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o59'S;27o57'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Important environmental asset and recreational facility)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Reddering & Esterhuysen (1987b), Talbot et al. (1985)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Campbell et al. (1991), Steinke (1986a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Coetzee et al. (1997), Wiseman et al. (1993)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (1985b), Esterhuysen & Reddering (1985), Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b), Wooldridge (1986b)
QINIRA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o59'S;27o58'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Important environmental asset and recreational facility)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL: Talbot et al. (1985)
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Coetzee et al. (1997), Wiseman et al. (1993)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
GQUNUBE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o56'S;28o02'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Important environmental asset and recreational facility)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Campbell et al. (1991), Steinke (1972a), Steinke (1986a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Coetzee et al. (1997), Wiseman et al. (1993)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b), Wooldridge (1986b)
KWELERA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o55'S;28o05'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Resort development in estuary mouth region)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Campbell et al. (1991), Steinke (1986a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b), Wooldridge (1986b)
BULURA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o54'S;28o06'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Resort development in the estuary mouth region)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE:
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
CUNGE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o52'S;28o07'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Relatively low dissolved oxygen levels in bottom waters reported)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
CINTSA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o50'S;28o07'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Extensive resort development in the vicinity of the lower reaches)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
CEFANE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o49'S;28o08'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: May be considered for inclusion in a coastal reserve)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
KWENXURA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o48'S;28o09'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: May be considered for inclusion in a coastal reserve)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE:
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
NYARA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o47'S;28o11'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: May be considered for inclusion in a coastal reserve)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
HAGA-HAGA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o46'S;28o15'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Increased pressure on freshwater supply for resort development)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Whitfield (1992a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Hill & Brown (1996)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b), Whitfield (1993b)
MTENDWE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o44'S;28o17'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Both catchment and estuary in excellent condition)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
QUKO ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o43'S;28o19'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Most of the estuary is within a declared conservation area)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Burns et al. (1988), Coetzee et al. (1997)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
MORGAN ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o43'S;28o21'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Increasing demand for freshwater supply to holiday resort)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
CWILI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o41'S;28o23'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Catchment in excellent condition but remnants of old road bridge in estuary)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b)
GREAT KEI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o41'S;28o23'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Moderate
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Catchment degradation has resulted in heavy siltation of the estuary)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Plumstead (1984), Plumstead et al. (1985), Robertson (1996)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS: Day (1981h)
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1997a), Harrison et al. (1997b), Marais & Prinsloo (1980)
GXARA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o40'S;28o24'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Water quality measurements indicate bacterial contamination)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
NGOGWANE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o39'S;28o25'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Fair (Remarks: Poor water quality and floodplain disturbance by vehicle access routes)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE:
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
QOLORA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o38'S;28o25'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: This system appears to be in a near natural state)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
NCIZELE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o38'S;28o26'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: This system appears to be in a near natural state)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
KOBONQABA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o36'S;28o29'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Reduced water due to high E.coli counts)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Steinke (1972a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
NGQUSI/INXAXO ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o35'S;28o31'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Wavecrest holiday resort on southern shore near mouth)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Robertson (1996), Steinke (1972a), Steinke & Ward (1990)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
CEBE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o31'S;28o35'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: The Cebe Nature Reserve camp site is situated near the estuary mouth)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
GQUNQE ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o31'S;28o35'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: There is in urgent need for ecological information on this estuary)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
ZALU ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o30'S;28o36'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Small floodplain and surrounding area used for grazing cattle)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
NGQWARA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o30'S;28o37'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Floodplain and surrounding area used for grazing cattle)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
SIHLONTLWENI (GCINI) ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o29'S;28o39'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent? (Remarks: Information needed on this system)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
QORA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o27'S;28o40'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: System is regularly used for recreational boating and fishing)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Robertson (1996)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
JUJURA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o26'S;28o42'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Poor water quality requires attention)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
NGADLA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o25'S;28o43'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Poor water quality requires attention)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
SHIXINI ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o24'S;28o43'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Good (Remarks: Poor water quality requires attention)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Harrison et al. (1998a), Harrison et al. (1998b)
NQABARA ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o20'S;28o47'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Permanently open estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent?
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: Robertson (1996), Steinke (1972a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: Marais & Prinsloo (1980)
NGOMA (KOBULE) ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o18'S;28o50'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Poor
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Situated in the Dwesa Nature Reserve)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL: van der Elst (1978a)
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS:
MENDU ESTUARY
LOCALITY: 32o17'S;28o53'E REGION: Warm temperate
CLASSIFICATION: Temporarily open/closed estuary INFORMATION: Nil
CONDITION: Excellent (Remarks: Situated in the Dwesa Nature Reserve)
AVAILABLE LITERATURE
(a) PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL:
(b) BIOLOGICAL/ECOLOGICAL:
(c) SYNTHESES/REVIEWS:
(d) REPORTS/DOCUMENTS: